Phenomenological research strategies of mentally ill subject
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2014.5(131).29628Keywords:
subject, phenomenology, psychiatry, ontology, horizon, time, spaceAbstract
This article explores the phenomenological analytics strategies ofmentally ill subject. With the help of phenomenological method the ontological conditions for the existence of the subject in a clinical discourse of philosophizing of twentieth century and meaning of its existence were revealed. The use of phenomenological descriptions provided an opportunity to describe how the mentally il lsubject is represented. It is shown that the world of feelings of the mentally ill can be understood with the assistance of methodology, based on the Husserl's studies of human existence mode. The author disparated the methodological positions of phenomenology of L. Binswanger, M. Boss and Karl Jaspers about the studies of mentally ill subjects. In the submitted paper these methodologies are specified in clinical areas of philosophizing of Dasein-analysis and phenomenological psychiatry. L. Binsvanher's Dasein-analysis is considered as a synthesis of phenomenology, psychoanalysis and existential ideas transformed into a new paradigm. It is revealed that L.Binsvanher considers the reason of the mental illness of the subject as a narrowed horizon in which the subject builds its possible projects. Boss methodology is based not only on the phenomenological reduction for understanding of essential, but on the articulation of the organic unity of separate subject existence with being of others and being in general. Psychiatric pathology is considered as a consequence of the loss of openness and freedom. Jaspers phenomenology as a thorough description of the subjective experiences of patients is synthesized with method of comprehension.
Involvement of phenomenology enabled the reconstruction of the inner world of the mentally ill subject through the study of the way he is going through categories of time, space, materiality and other categories. The article reveals that phenomenology for many professionals today is an alternative to the physiological direction of psychiatry.
References
Binswanger L. (1992), Phenomenology and psychopathology, Logos. Рhilosophical and literature journal, Vol. 3, pp. 104-111 (rus).
Vlasova O. (2010), Phenomenological psychiatry and Existential Analysis: History, thinkers, problem, Moscow, 640 p. (rus).
Kosilova E. (2011), The study of the subject: from philosophy and psychology to psychopathology and esotericism, Methodology and History of Psychology. Scientific theoretical and methodological, historical and psychological journal, Vol. 3, pp. 102-121 (rus).
Romek E. (2005), Psychotherapy: the birth of science and profession, Mini Taip, Rostov-on-Don, 392 p. (rus).
Jaspers K. (1997), General Psychopathology, Moscow, 1056 р. (rus).
Boss M. (1988), Recent considerations in Daseinsanalysis Psychotherapy for freedom, A special issue of the human psychologist, Vol. 16, рр. 62-65 (engl).
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