EVERYDAY FEARS OF THE ORTHODOX POPULATION ON UKRAINIAN LANDS AS A REFLECTION OF DAILY ROUTINE IN EARLY MODERN TIMES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.2(3).244792Keywords:
everyday life, fear, Orthodox believers, EverydaynessAbstract
The article highlights a little-studied problem of role of fears in the everyday life of Orthodox believers in the Ukrainian lands of the second half of the 16th – 17th centuries. It is noted that in the early modern period, the society suffered from an outbreak of violence, and this influenced the formation of the atmosphere of fear among the population. The types of fears from which the society suffered the most are analyzed on an example of most typical cases: fear of war and violence, illness, mutilation, premature death, fear of armed people, foreign invaders and representatives of other denominations. In addition to these objective fears, Orthodox society felt irrational ones, the greatest of which was to sin. To a large extent, everyday life of the Orthodox was characterized by fear of the Last Judgment and Hell, Evil Spirits. Fears inherent in a modern man, manifested in everyday life of an orthodox man of the 16th - 17th centuries much stronger due to much more dangerous living conditions. Fear was a characteristic feature of everyday life in the early modern Orthodox society.
References
Akty, otnosyashchiesya k istorii Yuzhnoj i Zapadnoj Rossii, sobrannye i izdannye arkheograficheskoyu komissieyu. T. 2. 1599-1637., 1865. [Acts Relating to the History of Southern and Western Russia, Collected and Published by the Archaeographic Commission. Vol. 2. 1599-1637]. Sankt-Peterburg, 1865 [in Russin]
Akty, otnosyashchiesya k istorii Yuzhnoj i Zapadnoj Rossii, sobrannye i izdannye Arkheograficheskoj komissiej. T. 5 : 1659-1665., 1867. [Acts Relating to the History of Southern and Western Russia, Collected and Published by the Archaeographic Commission. Vol. 5: 1659-1665]. Sankt-Peterburg, 1867 [in Russin]
Andrieieva, S.S., Orhanizatsiia borotby z chumoiu na zaporozko-tatarskomu prykordonni za chasiv Novoi Sichi. [Organization of the FIght against the Plague on the Zaporozhian-Tatar Border During the New Sich.] Available from: http://web.znu.edu.ua/pu/uk/articles/101.pdf
Ar'es, F., 1992. Chelovek pered licom smerti. [A Man in the Face of Death]. Moskva, 1992 [in Russin]
Arhiv Yugo-Zapadnoj Rossii, 1863. CH. ІІІ. T. 1. Akty o kazakakh (1500-1648 g.). [Archive of Southwest Russia. Part III. Vol. 1. Acts about the Cossacks (1500-1648)]. Kiev, 1863 [in Russin]
Bauehr V., Dyumotc I., Golovin S., 1998. Ehnciklopediya simvolov. [Encyclopedia of Symbols]. Moskva, 1998 [in Russin]
Boplan H. L. de., 1990. Opys Ukrainy, kilkokh provintsii Korolivstva Polskoho, shcho tiahnutsia vid kordoniv Moskovii do hranyts Transylvanii, razom z yikhnimy zvychaiamy, sposobom zhyttia i vedennia voien. [Description of Ukraine, Several Provinces of the Kingdom of Poland, Stretching from the Borders of Muscovy to the Borders of Transylvania, Along with Their Customs, Way of Life and Warfare]. Kyiv, 1990 [in Ukrainian]
Delyumo, ZH., 1994. Uzhasy na Zapade. [Horror in the West]. Available from: http://psylib.org.ua/books/delum01/index.htm
Dioptra ili zercalo i izobrazhenie zhivota v mire chelovecheskago, 1651. [Diopter or Mirror and Depiction of Life in the Human World]. Kutejna, 1651 [in Old Ukrainian]
Dioptra, al'bo zercalo i vyrazhene zhivota lyudskogo na tom svete, 1612. [Diopter, or Mirror and Expression of Human Life in That World]. Ev'yu, 1612 [in Old Ukrainian]
Domanytskyi, V., 1905. Kozachchyna na perelomi XVI-XVII v. (1591-1603). [Cossacks at the Turn of the 16-17th Centuries]. Lviv, 1905 [in Ukrainian]
Dysa, K., 2008. Istoriia z vidmamy. Sudy pro chary v ukrainskykh voievodstvakh Rechi Pospolytoi XVII-XVIII stolittia. [The History with Witches: Witchcraft Trials in the Ukrainian Voivodeships of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of the 17th-18th Centuries] Kyiv, 2008 [in Ukrainian]
Ehvliya, Chelebi. Kniga puteshestvij. [Travel Book]. Available from: http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus8/Celebi7/frametext1.htm
Filosofskij slovar', 2001. [Philosophical Dictionary]. Moskva, 2001 [in Russin]
Filosofskyi entsyklopedychnyi slovnyk, 2002. [Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary]. Kyiv, 2002 [in Ukrainian]
Goncharenko, I., 2001. Emotsiine zhyttia ukraintsiv XVI—XVII st.: zhorstokist u konteksti epokhy. [Emotional Life of Ukrainians in the 16th-17th centuries: Cruelty in the Context of the Era]. Skhid. №4. pp. 54-57 [in Ukrainian]
Goncharenko, I.M., 2019. Chudove ta chudotvorne v povsiakdenni pravoslavnykh Chernihivshchyny druhoi polovyny XVII st. na prykladi tvoru Dmytra Tuptala (Rostovskoho) “Runo Oroshenne”. [Wonderful and Miraculous in Everyday Life of the Orthodox Chernigov Region of the Second Half of the 17th Century. on the Example of the Work of Dmitry Tuptalo (Rostovsky) "Irrigation Fleece"]. Ukraina u svitovomu istorychnomu prostori. Mariupol, pp. 14-18 [in Ukrainian]
Gurevich, A.YA., 1989. Smert' kak problema istoricheskoj antropologii. [Death as a Problem of Historical Anthropology] Odissej. Chelovek v istorii. 1989. Moskva, 1989 [in Russin]
Gurevich, A.YA., 1990. Srednevekovyj mir: kul'tura bezmolvstvuyushchego bol'shinstva. [The Medieval World: The Culture of the Silent Majority] Moskva, 1990 [in Russin]
Hnatiuk, V.M., 1991. Ostanky peredkhrystyianskoho relihiinoho svitohliadu nashykh predkiv. [Remnants of the Pre-Christian Religious Worldview of our Ancestors]. Ukraintsi: narodni viruvannia, poviria, demonolohiia. Kyiv, pp. 383-406 [in Ukrainian]
Khozhdeniie bohorodytsi po mukam, 1988. [Walking of the Virgin in Torment]. Ukrainska literatura XIV - XVI st. Kyiv, pp. 37-42 [in Ukrainian]
Kostomarov, N.I., 1994. Slavyanskaya mifologiya. [Slavic Mythology]. Slovianska mifolohiia. Kyiv, pp. 201-256 [in Russin]
Krypiakevych, I., 2016. Astronomichni yavyshcha v ukrainskykh litopysakh XI– ХVIII v. (Materialy i dopovnennia). [Astronomical Phenomena in the Ukrainian Chronicles of the 9-18th Centuries. (Materials and Additions)] Ukrainske nebo 2. Studii nad istoriieiu astronomii v Ukraini. Lviv, pp. 316-327 [in Ukrainian]
Levickij, O., 1902. Ocherki narodnoj zhizni v Malorossii vo vtoroj polovine XVII st. [Essays on Folk Life in Little Russia in the Second Half of the 17th Century]. Kiїv, 1902 [in Russin]
Mykhailyna, P. V., 1971. Mista Ukrainy v period feodalizmu. [Cities of Ukraine in the Period of Feudalism]. Chernivtsi, 1971 [in Ukrainian]
Naboka, I., Strakhy realni ta vyhadani: yak z nymy borotysia. [Real and Invented Fears: How to Deal with Them]. Available from: https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/934354.html [in Ukrainian]
Nalyvaiko D., 1997. Pro chas. [About Time]. Ukrainska literatura XI - XVIII st.: Khrestomatiia z komentariamy. Chernivtsi, p. 157 [in Ukrainian]
Ogienko, I.I., 1913. Propovedi Іoannіkіya Galyatovs'kogo, yuzhno-russkogo propovednika XVII-go veka. [Sermons of Ioannikiy Galyatovsky, a 17th Century South Russian Preacher]. Khar'kov, 1913 [in Russin]
Paslavskyi, I., 2016. Astronomichni vchennia v konteksti ukrainskoi kultury serednikh vikiv i rannomodernoho chasu. [Astronomical Teachings in the Context of Ukrainian Culture of the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times]. Ukrainske nebo 2. Studii nad istoriieiu astronomii v Ukraini. Lviv, pp. 276-296 [in Ukrainian]
Potarska, N., Dutchak, O., 2015. Viina i transformatsiia povsiakdennosti: zhinochyi pohliad. [War and the Transformation of Everyday Life: A Woman's View]. Kyiv, 2015 [in Ukrainian]
Starchenko, N., 1998. Publichnist yak dominanta kulturnoi tradytsii. [Publicity as a Dominant of Cultural Tradition]. Mediaevalia Ucrainica: mentalnist ta istoriia idei. 1998. Vol. V. pp. 68-81 [in Ukrainian]
Stasiuk, V.V., 2013. Poniattia strakhu ta yoho vydy: sproba determinatsii. [The Concept of Fear and its Types: An Attempt at Determination]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu oborony Ukrainy. 2013. №3 (34). pp. 312-315. [in Ukrainian]
The Jevanhelije ucytelnoje of Meletij Smotric'kyj., 1987. Harvard Library of early Ukrainian Literature. Text. Vol. II. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University, 1987 [in Old Ukrainian]
Tuptalo D., 2009. Runo Oroshennoe. [Irrigated Fleece]. Siverianskyi litopys. № 2-3. pp. 206-227 [in Ukrainian]
Ukraina pered vyzvolnoiu viinoiu 1648— 1654 rr. Zbirka dokumentiv (1639-1648 rr.), 1946. [Ukraine Before the War of Liberation 1648-1654. Collection of Documents (1639-1648)]. Kyiv, 1946 [in Ukrainian]
Velychko S.V., 1991. Litopys. T. 1. [Chronicle. Vol. 1]. Kyiv, 1991 [in Ukrainian]
Velychko, S.V., 1991. Litopys. T.2. [Chronicle. Vol. 2]. Kyiv, 1991 [in Ukrainian]
Verkhratskyi S.A., Zabludovskyi P.Iu., 1991. Istoriia medytsyny. [History of medicine]. Kyiv, 1991 [in Ukrainian]
Volynski hramoty XVI st., 1995. [Volyn Charters of the 16th Century]. Kyiv, 1995 [in Old Ukrainian]
Vossoedinenie Ukrainy s Rossiej. Dokumenty i materialy v trekh tomakh. T. 1. 1620-1647 gody., 1953. [Reunification of Ukraine with Russia. Documents and Materials in Three Volumes. Vol. 1. 1620-1647]. Moskva, 1953 [in Russin]
Vossoedinenie Ukrainy s Rossiej. Dokumenty i materialy v trekh tomakh. Т. 2. 1648-1651 gody., 1953. [Reunification of Ukraine with Russia. Documents and Materials in Three Volumes. Vol. 2. 1648-1651]. Moskva, 1953 [in Russin]
Vysockij, N. F., 1879. Chuma pri Aleksee Mikhajloviche 1654—1655. [Plague under Alexei Mikhailovich 1654-1655]. Kazan', 1879 [in Russin]
Yakovenko, N. M., 1997. Naris Istorii Ukrainy z naidavnishykh chasiv do kintsia XVIII st. [Essay on the History of Ukraine from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century.] Kyiv, 1997 [in Ukrainian]
Yakovenko, N., 1992. «Cholovik dobryi” i “cholovik zlyi”: z istorii mentalnykh ustanovok v Ukraini-Rusi kintsia ХVI – seredyny ХVII st. ["Good Man" and "Evil Man": from the History of Mental Attitudes in Ukraine-Russ of the Late Sixteenth - Mid-seventeenth Century]. Mediaevаlia Uсrainica: mentalnist ta istoriia idei. 1998. Vol. 1. pp. 46 – 91 [in Ukrainian]
Yakovenko, N., 2017. U poshukakh Novoho neba: Zhyttia i teksty Yoannykiia Haliatovskoho. [In Search of the New Sky: The Life and Texts of Ioanniki Galyatovsky]. Kyiv, 2017 [in Ukrainian]
Yevanheliie uchytelnoe, albo kazania na kozhduiu nediliu y sviata urochystyi, 1637. [Teaching Gospel or Sermon Every Sunday and Holidays]. Kyiv, 1637 [in Old Ukrainian]
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Inna Goncharenko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
1. Authors bear responsibility for the accuracy of facts, quotations, numbers and names used.
2. Manuscripts are not sent back.
3. The publisher does not always agree with the authors' opinion.
4. The authors reserve the right to authorship of the work and pass the first publication right of this work to the journal under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which allows others to freely distribute the published research with the obligatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.
5. The authors have the right to conclude separate supplement agreements that relate to non-exclusive work distribution in the form in which it has been published by the journal (for example, to upload the work to the online storage of the journal or publish it as part of a monograph), provided that the reference to the first publication of the work in this journal is included.
