Higher and scientific institutions during Nazi's occupation on the Ukrainian territory (on the example of the district "Dnipropetrovsk" Reichskommissariat Ukraine)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2018.4(156).143434Keywords:
occupation, educational politic, higher education school, research institutes, NazisAbstract
The article outlines a range of scientific issues related to the implementation of the Nazi educational policy on theterritoryofUkraineduring the years of occupation. It pays attention to the activities of higher education institutions and research institutes that have not been evacuated due to both the objective and subjective factors and began to operate within the framework of the "Dnipropetrovsk" district ReichscommissariatUkraine. Leading Nazi officials viewUkraineprimarily as a source of food, raw materials, and cheap labor. During the rapid strategic offensive of the Soviet army across the front line, Nazis even abandoned the planned measures for the training of high-level specialists from the local population. The newly established high schools worked for a short-term period and almost all of them were closed after a while. Practically all educational institutions were launched to meet the need for a skilled workforce, namely: the specialists in technical, medical, pedagogical, and agricultural specialties.
There were two diametrically opposite approaches to this issue among the senior Nazi officials. Thus, E. Koh rejected the need for education among the representatives of the "lower race", while his supervisor A. Rosenberg advocated a moderate approach to both the Ukrainian population as a whole and education in particular. As the result of such a principled struggle, the contradiction between the Reichsministry and the Reichscommissar of Ukraine directives occurred. The absence of a clearly defined attitude among the occupiers did not enable them to create a coherent and clear system of education. Quite often, the failure of the Third Reich bureaucratic machine to react clearly to the officials' orders has led to the unsatisfactory results in this issue. There were rare cases when the educational institutions functioned only nominally due to the lack of facilities at that severe times. The establishment of the research institutes, besides economic and scientific benefits, was one of the means of the ideological influence on the population.References
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