The discoverer of the Donetsk coal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2016.2(142).70446Keywords:
Donets Basin, the priority of discovery, оre maker, geological expedition, coal mine, the first mine coal, coke, foundryAbstract
The analysis of archival documents and literature on early discovery and commercial development of the Donetsk coal basin. The role of the population of Eastern Ukraine and local elites in learning first coal deposits. Opening of Donbass coal - much politicized issue in the Soviet era. Modern analysis of archival documents and literary sources, summarizing data on coal discovery reveals that the following:
- Most likely, the population of Eastern Ukraine-Rus (later - land Zaporizhian Sich) opened the Donbas coal availability empirically - through practical collisions to the XVIII century.
- At the beginning of the XVIII century. search for coal in the Donbas intensified due to the salt pans - evaporation of salt water and Tor and Bahmutskiy lakes and wells for brine sampling. In 1721, Nikita Vepreyskyy - Managing Bahmutskiy salt mines, landrat, nobleman and Simon Chirkov - Bahmutskiy fortress commandant took samples of coal in two places - in the tract Skelevate and on the White river. Coal samples were sent to St. Petersburg in the Mining College (received 20 January 1722). Their tests showed high quality coal. The first coal trade was organized in 1723 by the same M. Vepreyskyy and S.Chirkov. In the coal mining and fishing during August - September 1723 were about 200 people unemployed. Coal is found using both the salt and in the forge - it was the first mine and the first industrial use of coal Donbass. Priority official opening of coal Vepreyskyy and Chirkov official confirmed reports of special expedition leader G. Nixon to the Mining Board (from May 25, 1725).
- Ore maker G. Kapustin not related to the discovery of coal in the Donbas. According to official reports mentioned a special expedition leader G. Nixon H.Kapustin was not even in the Donbass.
Start the industrial Donbass in the second half and especially the end of the XVIII century. and is closely linked to the needs of uncovered new deposits of coal and mass for the purposes of the first Black Sea Fleet steamer, and then - for use in the metallurgical process.
A special role in the industrial development of Donbass coal and steel as the region played a Scottish engineer Charles (Charles) Gascoyn (1737 - 1806), director at the time the largest in the world Karronsky Ironworks. All mines, mines and geological party Donbass were attributed to the Lugansk plant and report directly K. Gascoyn. This contributed to the intensive development of the mining industry in the region.References
Gorlov P. N. (1915), The history of mining and plant business in the territory of the Donetsk Ridge and near Kerch (1696-1859), Kharkov, 360 p. (rus).
Fomin P. I. (1915), Mining and metallurgical industry in the south of Russia. Volume 1. The history of mining and metallurgical industries of southern Russia since the beginning to the eighties of the last century, Kharkov, 488 p. (rus).
Zworykin A.A. (1949), The opening and the beginning of the development of coal deposits in Russia. Research and documents. Volume 1, Ugletehizdat, Moscow, 460 p. (rus).
Novik Ye. O., Permyakov V. V., Kovalenko Ye. Ye. (1960), History of geological studies of the Donetsk coal basin (1700-1917), Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Kiev, 530 p. (rus).
Podov V. I. (1991), Opening of Donbass. Historical Sketch, Lugansk, 1991, 117 p. (rus).
Podov V. I., Kurylo V. S. (2009), History of Donbass, Publisher DZ LNU Shevchenko, Lugansk, 300 p. (ukr).
Grun V. D., Zaidenvarg V. E., Kilimnik V. G., Malyshev Y. N., Popov V. N., Rozhkov A. A. (2003), The history of coal mining in Russia, Rosinformugol Press, Moscow, 480 p. (rus).
Gayko G., Bіletsky V., Mikos T., Khmura Ya. (2009), Mining and gloomy underground facilities in Ukraine and Poland (essays on history). Donetsk branch of the Shevchenko Scientific Society Revision of Mining Encyclopedia, Donetsk, 296 p. (ukr).
Gayko G. I., Bіletsky V. S. (2013), History of Mining, Publishing house «Kyiv-Mohyla Academy», publishing house «Lado» DonNTU, Kyiv-Alchevsk, 542 p. (ukr).
Pirko V., Lytvynovska M. (2005), Salt mines in the Donetsk XVII - XVIII century, East Publishing House, Donetsk, 136 p. (ukr).
Temnik Yu. A. (2004), Centennial mountain nest. Lugansk Plant (1795 - 1887), Chico Publisher, Lugansk, 530 p. (rus).
Gayko G., Tarakanov A. (2005), Lugansk star Charles Gascoigne, Donetskyi visnyk NTSH [Donetsk Shevchenko Scientific Society Journal], Vol. 9, East Publishing House, Donetsk, p. 52-57 (ukr).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Gennadiy Gayko, Volodymyr Biletsky
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
1. Authors bear responsibility for the accuracy of facts, quotations, numbers and names used.
2. Manuscripts are not sent back.
3. The publisher does not always agree with the authors' opinion.
4. The authors reserve the right to authorship of the work and pass the first publication right of this work to the journal under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which allows others to freely distribute the published research with the obligatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.
5. The authors have the right to conclude separate supplement agreements that relate to non-exclusive work distribution in the form in which it has been published by the journal (for example, to upload the work to the online storage of the journal or publish it as part of a monograph), provided that the reference to the first publication of the work in this journal is included.
