Skhid

english Digital Consciousness and Identity

2024-04-25T22:32:55+03:00

In the era of digital transformation, the world is experiencing unprecedented changes due to the rapid development of fields such as algorithms and big data, artificial intelligence, international telecommunications, and cyberizations. Digitalization has a wide and profound impact on every aspect of our daily lives, touching areas from data processing and communication to infrastructure, logistics, finance, trade, industry, economy, education, health care, and entertainment. Various forms of social networks, virtual communities, and realities, as well as hybrid spaces where the physical and digital worlds blend through the merging of digital technologies and augmented reality, are emerging and gaining popularity. Understanding the impact of digital technologies on our thinking and self-identification is key to creating more ethical and sustainable technological solutions, as well as adapting social and cultural institutions to the evolving world. Digital technologies play a significant role in shaping contemporary notions of self and others, creating new forms of identity and opportunities for self-expression. Ethical frameworks are needed to regulate the development and use of technologies that impact consciousness and identity, to protect the rights and well-being of individuals. These findings could not only contribute to academic understanding of the relationship between digital consciousness and identity but also offer practical recommendations for technology developers, policymakers, and society to adapt to the rapidly changing digital landscape.

Professional Competencies of a Faculty Member and their Impact on the Quality of Educational Services at the University

2024-04-25T16:31:54+03:00

This study aims to identify the competencies that are characterized by a faculty member at the university and its influence on the quality of educational process service for learner. For this purpose, we assumed that the efficiency's level of faculty member is dissimilar and varies from part to another. Thus a descriptive method has been applied on a sample composed of 80 students, selected randomly in the first year Master physical education and sport.

A measurement tool (questionnaire) has been used for identifying the level of efficiency of a lecturer at university. The results showed that the efficiency of a faculty member is generally in middle level, and the students are not satisfied for the educational service given by a faculty member.

According to obtained results, we recommend, the necessity for the improving of teaching’s efficiency of a faculty member and to improve the quality of the educational process service for a faculty member in line with the requirements of the training.

Trapped values of education and threat to national security in temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine

2024-03-21T14:59:12+02:00

The strong democratic nations tend to follow UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) while weak states choose the way of war for immediate self-affirmation. This destructive way is an insurmountable obstacle for SDGs tracking as a whole and primarily in the educational sector.
Despite the influence of “the Fair War Theory”, the war is perceived as a source of destructive aggression, deaths, destructions, violence and moral degradation. Any war is aimed at the occupation of territories when the occupation regime uses vari-ous instruments and the collaborationism is the most widespread. Within the scope of this article the educational collaborationism is subject to a special analysis as it plays one of the major roles in creating an effective occupation system. We do not aim at providing the comprehensive consideration and interpretation of the phenom-enon of “Educators’ Collaborationism”, as well as the identification and detailed ex-planation of the entire spectrum of its destructive consequences. The purpose is to articulate the mentioned phenomenon within the problem of using education as a tool of occupation and threat to the national security of the occupied state. The methodological design of the study is based on a situational approach, which em-phasizes the importance of considering a number of factors influencing the changes in the educational process during the occupation, as well as the identification of situational variables that affect the level of access to higher education (HE), its quali-ty and content on the occupied territories. The method of qualitative case-study re-search made it possible to formulate certain generalizations about this phenomenon and its effect on HE in particular.
It was found out that in the temporarily occupied territories education is used as a tool to strengthen and legitimize the occupation regime. Among the key agents there are also the occupiers’ assistants from the educational sector. The analysis of spe-cific situations gives reason to claim that the conscious, voluntary cooperation of educators with the enemy provokes the erosion of the ethical principles of educa-tion, its degradation and blocks the SDGs accomplishing. Such activity has negative consequences as it aggressively denies managerial autonomy, the right for academ-ic freedom and other components of quality HE and other SDGs as they all are inter-linked.
Unfortunately, we are to admit that the educational transformative occupation causes total paralysis and even erosion of the national education system in the tem-porarily occupied Ukrainian territories. Therefore, the consequences of the implemen-tation of educational transformative occupation should determine the directions of the processes of de-occupied territories education restauration.

YOUTH IN WAR: PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIENCES, MIGRATION PLANS, SELF-REALIZATION

2024-03-03T11:38:22+02:00

Abstract. Purpose. The scientific article is dedicated to examining the impact of a year of full-scale invasion on the youth of Ukraine, specifically focusing on the psychological experiences of war among the youth both within the country and abroad, migration plans, the desire to volunteer, and the vision of self-realization in personal and career aspects. Methodology. This research used the secondary analysis of data from sociological studies conducted by Kantar, the analytical center Cedos, and the research agency "Info Sapiens", which was carried out regarding the opinions and attitudes of the youth towards various aspects of the war's influence, such as the uncertainty of the future, challenges in making personal plans, migration sentiments, and the perception of self-realization during the wartime. Practical implementation. This article provides proposals and practical recommendations for engaging Ukrainian youth in the process of Ukraine's recovery and facilitating their adaptation to the new challenges of the post-war period. Value/Originality. The study acknowledges the fundamental and emotionally charged aspects of the wartime impact on young individuals. Furthermore, innovative approaches have been developed to enhance the current state of interaction between the state and youth. Specifically, these include creating favorable conditions by the government to incentivize employers to hire young people, establishing programs for paid internships and professional mentorship with the opportunity for subsequent employment, simplifying the system of youth business financing and taxation, as well as creating the program for encouraging the return of young people who left Ukraine due to the war back to the country.

Artificial Intelligence vs Human: Liminal Social Engineering

2024-02-29T15:21:48+02:00

The article explores the current aspects of social engineering in the digital age. Social engineering is considered as a strategic technology of constructing new meanings, principles, rules and facts of social interaction. The application of historical and philosophical intellectual constructs to the practices of social transformations is described in the article. The diversity of views on the essence of social engineering and the analysis of its spheres of application problematize the interpretation of its social role and meaning. The methods of constructing social events and interfering in people's lives require critical evaluation. The implementation of AI in social engineering developments leads to the new risks, which are systematized in the article.

Religious Affiliation and the Elective Abortion Attitudinal Variations Among Young Adults

2024-02-22T18:28:57+02:00

This study aims to determine if there is a significant difference in attitudes toward elective abortion as a social taboo among young adults when considering their religious affiliation and their extent of religious adherence by drawing from the Social Learning Theory and the Moral Communities Hypothesis. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing the diverse attitudes toward elective abortion among individuals within the predominantly Catholic Philippines. A self-administered online survey questionnaire was utilized in this study. A non-probability convenience sampling method was employed ensuring the major religious groups are represented. To examine whether an attitudinal variation exists when considering religious affiliation and the extent of religious adherence among the sample population of sixty (n = 60), a chi-square (χ²) test of independence was employed. The same was done considering the classificatory variables of sex and marital status. The results showed that attitudes toward elective abortion varied significantly among respondents when considering their religious affiliations (p = < .001), and when dichotomized into Catholic and non-Catholic groups, proportions still varied significantly (p = < .001), with most of the Catholic respondents exhibited a pro-choice attitude. Conversely, most of the non-Catholic respondents exhibited a pro-life attitude. Likewise, attitudes toward elective abortion varied significantly among respondents when considering their extent of religious adherence (p = < .001). Understanding this diversity is crucial for evidence-based policy recommendations and interventions related to bodily autonomy and sexual and reproductive rights, as well as for promoting transparency and well-informed discussion on taboos such as abortion.

Harnessing Social Media usage for Research and Innovation for Sustainable Economic Development

2024-02-06T16:11:17+02:00

ABSTRACT

No true economic development takes place without firm and established innovation and research; these are the two basic elements that promote and sustain world economies. Every country must be innovative for effective growth and development to prevent a stagnated or back warded economy. Innovation can come in a small or large scale, either ways; it must receive high level visibility and utilization for its impact to be felt. In a country like Nigeria, embodied with numerous creative minds and talents, unfortunately lack the platform or avenue for displaying them. The social media can come in handy and be strategically used for the promotion of these researches and innovations. This work therefore sought to find out how the use of social media can be harnessed for research and innovation for sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The paper looked at the relationship between research, innovation and economic development, roles and benefits of engaging with social media and the challenges to the utilization of social media for research and innovation as well as recommendations. The study was anchored on the Uses and Gratification Theory and the method of research for this study was the descriptive method of analysis. However, our findings from the various literatures consulted showed that social media strategy is a formidable tool to be deployed by researchers and innovators for networking, information haunting and to aid work/study visibility, which will in turn snowball into aiding a sustainable economic development.

Keywords: Social media, research, innovation, economic development, Nigeria.

The role of digitalization of libraries in ensuring the humanitarian security of society

2024-01-17T12:50:47+02:00

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the of Ukrainian digital libraries formation and their role in ensuring the humanitarian security of society. The relevance and novelty of the study lies in the clarification of the need for digitization of library funds and the creation of a national system of digital libraries as a significant coun-termeasure in the worldview (conscientious) wars of today. It has been established that the digital epoch forms a new type of person - a "digital person", which sets to the library the task of developing new strategies for library service, based on knowledge management and increasing the level of digital competences of both library workers and library users for the effective accumulation of personal and so-cial digital capital. The essential features of digital libraries, their advantages com-pared to traditional libraries are analyzed; the peculiarities of the formation of digital libraries are determined, taking into account the world and Ukrainian experience. It is noted that in the Ukrainian library space, the leading place in the digitization of na-tional cultural heritage is occupied by the V. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, on the basis of which the national electronic library "Ukrainika" was created, which aims to collect in digital format works about the Ukrainian people, the territory of Ukraine and about all peoples who lived or live in this territory. This will provide users of the electronic library with knowledge about the history of Ukraine, its traditions and culture, the Ukrainian nation and statehood, and its place in the world civiliza-tional development. It was established that the issue of digitization of library re-sources requires additional attention to the problem of their protection, in order to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of their information resources. The conclusions emphasize that the digitization of the national book heritage for the preservation of national memory and identity is a promising strategy for countering conscientious wars.

Virtualization of culture as a defining trend development of modern society

2024-01-15T11:59:05+02:00

The article analyses various aspects of the modern society’s development related to the virtualisation of culture: the educational process, the cultural industries, the artistic sphere, the use of artificial intellect (AI) and artificial intellect and commemorative practices. The authors describe the origin of the term "virtuality" and its evolution in a scientific discourse. The emergence and evolution of the phenomenon of virtuality is connected to the development of information and communication technologies (ICT). The concept of "virtuality" is considered as an information and technical space, a technically mediated environment, an information resource of modern society and a media environment of culture. On the basis of the methodological approaches by the world’s researchers of the information society M. McLuhan and M. Castells, to the formation of a new type of culture, it is concluded that the intensification of the virtualisation process gradually leads to the replacement of the real subject space by the space of images, symbols and signs in many socially important spheres of human activity. It is shown that virtualisation contributes to the creation of innovative technologies of cultural and interpersonal communication and offers a new form of interaction with artefacts that have a virtual representation. The article highlights the increasing hybridisation of online and offline spaces, the transformation of the Internet into a space of human communication, everyday activities and entertainment. The authors note that modern innovations cannot replace the effect of a "live visit", but thanks to digital progress and widespread digitalisation, the development of 3D technologies, people have the opportunity to react emotionally to world events by being virtually in the centre of them. Virtualisation is seen as a new technology of representation that will largely determine the cultural experience of humanity in the nearest future. The authors show that the Internet now appears to users as an integrator of all spheres of social reproduction, and that various forms of cultural convergence and networking are being recorded in the Global Web. The benefits, threats and risks of the widespread use of modern information products are examined.

Digital Transformation in Culture: Current Realities and Development Perspectives

2024-01-12T11:47:27+02:00

The article is devoted to innovative aspects of digital transformation in the sphere of culture. The author examines the impact of new products, innovative business models and digital technologies on the modern cultural landscape. Special attention is paid to the role of digital platforms in the interaction of the sphere of exchange of values and information in the context of digital art. The article notes that digital transformation is becoming a key catalyst for innovation in the cultural and artistic environment, creating opportunities for the preservation and promotion of national cultural values. The author considers various approaches to digital transformation, taking into account both a strategic partnership and a comprehensive approach, as well as the dynamics of the interaction of technologies, directions, and participants in the process of achieving new forms of activity and increasing efficiency in business. In addition, the article highlights the problems that arise during the digital transformation of objects of art and cultural heritage, in particular, such as the provision of property and copyright rights, as well as the inconsistency of terminology between information and digital cultures. The author points to the need for a new scientific discourse on digital rights for the successful implementation of digital transformation in the sphere of culture in Ukraine. The article examines the individual challenges and prospects of digital transformation for the museum industry and also emphasizes the need to create the necessary conditions for each museum separately. The author examines the influence of digital technologies on the museum sphere, providing concrete examples of the implementation of innovations (creation of museum digital collections, virtual exhibitions and tours). Based on the relevance of digital transformation in the modern world, attention is drawn to the need to improve the qualifications and awareness of specialists in the field of culture for the successful implementation of digital initiatives.

ФОРМУВАННЯ АНГЛІЙСЬКОМОВНОЇ ГРАМАТИЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ В МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ НАВЧАЛЬНТХ СТРАТЕГІЙ

2024-01-03T16:45:47+02:00

In this paper we investigated the content, structure and features of the formation of English grammatical competence of future teachers. The definition of grammatical competence, the aspects it includes (morphological, lexical, phonetic, syntactic, orthographic) were outlined. The ability to use grammatical phenomena in speech activity in various speech situations of the future teachers’ professional activity was explored; concepts and rules, means of expression of grammatical categories; stylistic features of a foreign language (grammatical skills (reproductive and receptive), grammatical knowledge, grammatical awareness were elaborated. The concept of active and passive grammatical minimums was given. The difficulties of forming grammatical competence, which are caused by age characteristics, psychological and individual features of future teachers were determined. The definition of the term “educational strategy” was given, various classifications were considered and their role in the educational process was outlined.

Artificial intelligence capabilities in the context of the author's conception of creativity

2023-12-25T16:59:36+02:00

The study provides some philosophical reflections on the creativity of artificial in-telligence. The study supposes that artificial intelligence can be considered creative only if it creates something new with help of imagination (or its equivalent) and ap-pealing to the so-called “background” (background and general knowledge, biases, competencies, experience, habits, intuition, prejudices, political preferences, skills, stereotypes, values, and others), and its creative activity must be either necessary or arbitrary. Necessary creative activity is related to the solution of specific tasks, for example, within the framework of technical invention or scientific discovery. Arbitrary creative activity is associated with spontaneous, aimless and inexpedient human activity. This type of creative activity takes place when a creative doer has free time, leisure, enthusiasm (hobby), plays a game or is bored. Based on the two types of creative activity, two types of creative artificial intelligence can be distinguished: a weak creative artificial intelligence that makes necessary creative activities related to the tool nature of artificial intelligence, specifically to effectively solving specific problems and tasks, and a strong creative artificial intelligence that makes arbitrary creative activities, that is, creates for the sake of creating alone. The strong creative artificial intelligence can be possible only if the artificial intelligence is given autono-my, the freedom to manage that autonomy, and learns to manage its freedom.

Moving with the Trend: the Impact of Digital Technologies on Journalism Practice in Imo State, Nigeria

2023-12-25T15:31:40+02:00

The integration of digital technology into the field of journalism in Nigeria has en-gendered both obstacles and prospects, hence fostering advancements in the in-dustry. As a result of this, the study assessed the impact of digital technologies application on mainstream journalism practice among journalists in Imo State. The research was grounded in the theoretical frameworks of technological determinism and new media theory. The study employed a survey research approach, utilising a census principle to sample a population of 200 registered journalists. Questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Results showed that majority of the respond-ents have access to digital technologies in the discharge of their duties to a large extent at 66% and they use digital technologies often. The respondents have a posi-tive perception towards the application of digital technologies in journalism practice with the believe that digital technology is a blessing to journalism profession at an average mean of 3.6. Result also revealed that digital/computer illiteracy, lack of the requisite knowledge to operate digital technologies gadgets, high cost of acquiring digital technologies gadgets by the media organisation etc. are the challenges faced by the respondents while using digital technologies to carry out their reportorial du-ties at an average mean of 3.7. The result further revealed that digital technologies application in journalism practice has influenced journalism by improving the profes-sional process of news gathering, production and dissemination at an average mean of 3.6. The study concluded that digital technology has improved the professional process of news gathering, production and dissemination, thus, has significantly influenced journalism practice. The study recommended for the acceptance of digital switchover by media organisations and its embrace among the journalists.

Artificial intelligence and digital art: current state and development prospects

2023-12-25T14:51:54+02:00

The article analyzes the use of artificial intelligence in various types of digital art at the current level of their development and outlines the possibilities of external ways of such interaction. The author considers specific artistic examples, which see that the use of artificial intelligence in art develops a complex art history and philo-sophical questions: what is art? how does computer technology change aesthetics? where is the line between technology and creativity? who is considered the author of the work generated by neuronets? is it possible to compare anthropocentric and non-anthropocentric forms of creativity? etc. The researcher demonstrates different approaches to the chosen topic, citing antagonistic points of view of scientists. Some of them believe that art with the help of a computer is the next step in the development of avant-garde trends, while others see these trends as the degradation and even the death of art. In digital painting, we are already faced with the use of works (the most famous example is the android-artist Ai-Da) who know how to draw in different techniques and with the use of different tools. The victory of a painting generated by a neural network at an art competition raised questions about its au-thorship and the admissibility of participation of such works in competitions for art-ists. Discussions on the ArtStation platform indicate that many artists do not per-ceive works made with the help of artificial intelligence as "real" works of art. In mu-sic today, it is possible not just to generate melodies, but to create an imitation of certain styles or composers, which raises questions about the nature of true creativi-ty and its limits. Another direction of using artificial intelligence in music is the crea-tion of virtual singers who become mega-popular. Such an example is given by the Japanese virtual singer Hatsune Miku, who is a hologram with an android interface and an artificially generated voice. In the field of video games, artificial intelligence knows how to create not only levels, but already generate game target worlds and complete games. Artificial intelligence in photography can generate images of non-existent people. At the same time, it is unlikely that artificial intelligence can com-pletely replace a human artist, after which he learns from the previously created ma-terial. This makes it possible to say that he left real creativity and knows how to compile in advance, and not to generate original artistic solutions.

The anthropological dimension of the environmental concept of catholicism in the conditions of the global challenges of today

2023-12-20T11:56:54+02:00

The modern progress of human civilization, the active development of engineer-ing and technology, the integration of artificial intelligence into human life actualize the importance of answering the question of what the ecological concept of Catholi-cism should be as part of the Catholic anthropological paradigm. The relevance of environmental issues is reinforced by a large-scale war, which not only brings a se-ries of ecological disasters not only in the territory of Ukraine, but also spreads far beyond its borders. The article examines the need for philosophical reflection on the ways out of the modern ecological crisis through the inclusion of the ecological concept in the personalistically conditioned Catholic anthropological paradigm.
The purpose of the study is to reveal the specificity of the Catholicism ecological concept in the context of the Catholic anthropological paradigm and its efficiency in overcoming the modern ecological crisis. To realize the purpose, it is necessary to reveal, first, the content of the anthropocentrism of the Catholic anthropological paradigm; secondly, the axiological dimension of the Catholic ecological paradigm; thirdly, the implementation of axiological, economic, social and humanitarian factors in the Catholic ecological concept; fourth, etization of ecological consciousness. The methodological basis of the article is hermeneutic, behaviorist, comparativist and systemic-structural methods of scientific knowledge. The elements of scientific novelty are, firstly, the further in-depth development of the Catholicism ecological concept with signs of integrality, secondly, the personally determined search for a conscious way to overcome the modern ecological crisis, thirdly, the gradual for-mation of the ecological worldview of the individual, which includes the growth of empathy for the natural environment, understanding the possibilities of restoring nature as a result of a utilitarian approach to its resources.

Spiritual origin of national patriotic education in the military chaplaincy system

2023-11-24T08:24:53+02:00

The article examines the role of military chaplaincy in the formation of national-patriotic education of the Ukrainian army. The relevance and novelty of the research lies in determining the essence of Ukrainian military patriotism’s spiritual foundations, which is formed on the archetypes of "clan", "Father", "Mother", "Family". Historically, "Father" embodies power, dominion not only over the body, but also over the soul, he brings conscience and moral grounds for subordination in the entire military family, based on the principles of fraternity. The archetype of "Mother" was formed from ancient Slavic ideas about Berehynia, in the Christian era it receives a new incarnation in the image of the Mother of God as the heavenly protector of the entire human race.

One of a woman-mother archetype’s varieties in Ukrainian spiritual culture is Mother Nature, which transforms into the archetype of Mother Earth, which in turn is transferred to the paradigm of the native land - "Nenka-Ukraina", creating the archetype of the Motherland. The lack of desire to conquer others and the desire to preserve one's original, native, defines the essence of the Ukrainian army’s patriotism. It has been established that the Orthodox tradition of military chaplaincy is based on the spiritual union of Cossacks and monasticism during the liberation struggle. Later, the formation of the Ukrainian military clergy was closely connected with the Greek Catholic Church, which at that time had the greatest experience in moral and spiritual support of the Ukrainian national liberation struggle participants in the western Ukrainian lands. The dangers of the destructive influence of pro-Russian denominations’ priests on the moral and psychological state of military personnel are analyzed. It was noted that the armed aggression against Ukraine led to the intensified use of the church and the clergy’s potential for consolidation of the population and strengthening of patriotic feelings in servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as to expose and isolate pro-Russian religious communities. On the basis of the positive experience of the leading world’s countries, an own system of professional training and education of personnel was created, which was based on defining principles: national dignity, patriotism, Christian morality, fidelity to the oath, fidelity to military duty.

War as a new reality for religious minorities of Ukraine (on the example of Jehovah's Witnesses)

2023-11-24T07:22:18+02:00

Using the example of the Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) religious organization, the authors analyze the situation for representatives of religious minorities in Ukraine in connection with the Russia-Ukraine’s war. Being institutions that, even in peacetime, occupying a non-dominant position in the structure of the religious life of Ukraine, religious minorities suffer the most from the war and its consequences compared to the majority religions.

The purpose of the article is to clarify the scale of resource losses (human, material, moral), the nature of the religious minorities representatives’ activities (in this case, the JW) and the possibilities of preserving and revitalizing the activities of their communities.

As a result of the study, the authors came to conclusions that can be considered a certain novelty: the war accelerated the processes of civil and national identification, strengthened people in their faith, and intensified socially useful and humanitarian assistance to the needy from religious minorities. The vast majority of communities took a distinctly patriotic position, contributing in various ways to the victory of Ukraine in the war and the establishment of a stable and just peace.

At the same time, the authors predict that Ukraine after the war may be threatened with a decrease in religious pluralism due to the impossibility of reviving the activities of some small religious groups, which will not be able to return to their pre-war usual life, even if the conditions of latitude and state guarantees of human rights are preserved in the religious sphere and their communities.

Sanctity and quality as the conceptual basis of the value of life doctrine in the bioethical discourse

2023-11-02T14:28:34+02:00

The article offers a study of the bioethical discourse regarding the value of life through the prism of conceptualizing the main approaches to the study of this phenomenon. It is noted that with all the diversity of approaches that demonstrate a wide range of views on the value of life, the modern bioethical discourse com-bines the ideas of scientific research, the dogmatics of religious doctrines and the basic principles of moral imperatives, which are interpreted in a civilized soci-ety in the context of medico-biological problems of life preservation and repro-duction, as well as determining its value. This combination is far from being ec-lectic. It synthesizes the main achievements of scientific, religious and ethical thought and extrapolates them to the problem of human life, which is a unique phenomenon that should be separated into a specific system of moral norms and imperatives of human activity. The article notes that in modern conditions the bioethical discourse is concentrated around the axiological paradigm in the study of living beings. All the diversity of viewpoints is proposed to be grouped into two main approaches: the ethics of the sacredness (sanctity) of life and the the quality of life ethics. The conceptualization of these two main approaches permits to consider all the diversity of views on the value of life in the context of bioethi-cal discourse as a systematized set of views, which contributes to the creation of an appropriate scientific research situation and will contribute to the deepening of scientific studies on the specified subject.

Migrants as a resource of the precariat

2023-09-12T10:07:15+03:00

The article is devoted to new socio-economic processes in the construction of labor relations and the formation of the workforce, as well as the socio-cultural and political consequences of these transformations. The precariat is considered as a socio-economic phenomenon, which objectively arises against the background of uncertainty and rapid changes of the modern era. The author focuses on the study of social characteristics and risks of the precariat. This particularly concerns migrants who join the ranks of a new social layer.

The relationship between social anomie and the transgressive state of migrants and other fractions of the precariat is clarified. The influence of objective global processes and the situationality of everyday life on the active integration of new forms of employment into the socio-economic space is shown. It has been proven that solidarity is an effective strategy for adapting a person to the conditions of uncertainty in the life of migrants and the risks of the precariat way of being.

Precariat as a result of personalizing modern social, labor and personal practices

2023-09-12T08:27:11+03:00

The author analyzes the manifestations of social precariousness practices in modern social and labor relations. The analysis is carried out in three methodological directions: political (the formation of the precariat is determined by political factors); economic and technological (precarious practices are considered from the point of view of economic flexibility); functionalist (fixation of an individual’s psychological characteristics specific to precarious practices is carried out). It is proved that it is the functional approach that gives grounds for further considerations regarding the life strategies chosen by the precariats, as well as their attitude to the state as the main source of their problems. It was revealed that the combination of a high protest potential with a low ability to organize makes the precariat an environment where, against the background of a low material status, fear and uncertainty about one's future can generate extreme forms of reaction to them – from the conforming acceptance in an individual order of the labor relations’ formats, which are provoked by employers, to spontaneous mass protests, which, however, are not able to eliminate the causes of precariousness, but often turn into trashes, intensified by inter-racial and inter-confessional contradictions

The influence of Islam on the stability and adaptability of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran

2023-09-03T19:49:23+03:00

In the realm of Iran's political landscape, we find an extraordinary, indeed unique, system that has endured for over four decades. This intricate political framework is rooted in the Shia Islamic tradition, setting it apart from conventional political models. It is marked by a remarkable duality, where the secular and religious spheres of authority coexist in a delicate equilibrium. Furthermore, it boasts a dual legitimacy, with religious institutions wielding substantial influence over the state's affairs. The primary objective of this discourse lies in the assessment of the system's efficiency and adaptability within the context of Iran's socio-political environment. A profound exploration delves into the direct impact of Islam on the various political institutions and organizations that shape the nation's destiny. Thus, Islam emerges as a pivotal factor in not only maintaining political stability but also in ensuring the resilience of the entire political system. Contemporary Iran showcases a synthesis of republican and religious governing bodies, incorporating Western democratic principles with the Shia understanding of the Muslim community's life. While all republican authorities are elected through democratic processes, they remain subject to oversight by religious institutions. Notably, the past four decades have witnessed a greater consolidation of power in the hands of the Supreme Leader and religious entities at large. Elected leaders of the republican bodies have progressively emerged from the religious elite, blurring the lines between secular and religious domains. Consequently, mass civil protests are now directed not at a specific body, be it secular or religious, but rather at authority as a whole. Central to the stability of this system is the figure of the Supreme Leader. In a truly unique fashion, the Supreme Leader simultaneously embodies divine and democratic legitimacy, standing as an unparalleled entity within the governmental structure. The dynamics of political processes in Iran unveil a nuanced reality: religion, while not directly shaping political events, seamlessly integrates into the political framework, dominating it and ensuring the efficient operation of the state machinery. Temporarily, this arrangement proves capable of upholding stability, adaptability, and dynamism within Iran's political sphere. However, an alarming trend of religious authorities encroaching upon governmental powers gradually erodes the fundamental essence of Iran's dualistic religious-political system. As a result, the benefits of such a system, particularly in terms of fostering political and socio-economic equity, are placed in jeopardy.

The state of the medical care system of the Donetsk region in the first post-war decade according (to the materials of the statistical office)

2023-08-27T10:34:56+03:00

The article is devoted to highlighting the regional context of the situation in the field of medical care in the first post-war decade. The authors highlight the key problems faced by the medical system after the expulsion of the Nazi occupiers. The specificity of the medical reform of 1947 implementation at the regional level is analyzed. A complex epidemic situation against the background of post-war destruction is characterized. The urgency of the problem lies in the need to ana-lyze the response of the medical system to the challenges faced by society after the end of the war. Consideration of the subject becomes very relevant in the conditions of a large-scale war, which the Russian Federation has unleashed against our country, and which has already led to a significant degree of destruc-tion of medical and social infrastructure facilities. It is necessary to take into ac-count the experience in order to avoid the mistakes made by the Soviet authorities when restoring the medical network and overcoming epidemics accompanying such social cataclysms as war. The novelty of the study is due to the inclusion in the scientific circulation of information arrays from the documents of the regional statistical office, which reflect certain local specifics. It was established that as a result of the war, the main components of the health care system suffered signifi-cant destruction. The attempt to reform it in these difficult conditions led to am-biguous consequences. A positive aspect was the transition from the production principle of medical care to the territorial one. However, the process of combining polyclinics and outpatient clinics with hospitals took place mainly formally, without taking into account personnel and infrastructural capabilities. A characteristic fea-ture was the insufficient level of medical personnel in the region and the lack of medical and diagnostic equipment. The excessive workload of the doctor in the absence of auxiliary means significantly complicated the diagnosis and affected the quality of medical care. The overall high indices of medical care hid a decline in its quality. The practice of locating medical facilities in poorly adapted premises that did not meet the minimum sanitary and hygienic requirements was wide-spread. Difficult social living conditions in a broad context negatively affected the structure of morbidity, threatened epidemics and affected the level of medical measures efficacy

Establishment of the Mariupol State University as a Humanities Education and Science Center in the North Pryazovya

2023-08-24T17:37:00+03:00

The study analyzes issues related to the establishment of Mariupol State University as a Center of humanitarian education and science in the Noth Pryazovya (the Northern Azov region). The prerequisites for the creation of the Mariupol Hu-manities College at Donetsk State University, as well as the Mariupol Humanities Institute of DonSU, are highlighted.
The study of the mentioned issue permits to consider the place of the Greek community in the social life of the Azov region, the peculiarities of the Greek men-tality formation and the influence of this national and cultural factor on the formation of a higher education humanities institution in Mariupol. The issue of the formation of educational and scientific components in the activities of the Mariu-pol Humanities Institute is being clarified.
In the article, considerable attention is paid to the study of the Mariupol State University’s place in the development of Ukrainian-Greek educational, scientific, cultural ties, various contacts in the humanitarian sphere, various aspects of Hel-lenistic studies at the institute are analyzed, historical and philological aspects of teachers’, post-graduate students’ and students’ studies are indicated.
Theoretical studies of authoritative foreign and Ukrainian Scientists F. Brodel, Ya. Vermenych, E. D. Smith and others are included in the analysis of the chosen topic. According to the interdisciplinary approach, the article combines elements of regional and sociocultural history.

The influence of the Tiflis entourage on the formation of Mykhailo Hrushevsky's personality

2023-08-07T14:34:18+03:00

The proposed study analyzes issues related to the formation of M. Hrushevsky's personality in Tiflis (Tbilisi) - the cultural center of the South Caucasus, where he spent his youth, studying in a gymnasium. The peculiarities of this region were considered and it was clarified how the entourage of Tiflis influenced the personality of young Mykhaylo. This, in the opinion of the article’s author, is important for a full understanding on the historical significance of the figure of Hrushevsky. In particular, the author draws attention to the influence of the Tiflis entourage in the matter of establishing the personality markers of young Mykhailo – the beginning of his intellectual biography formation, the way of establishing his Ukrainian patriotism, interests in Ukrainian studies, history of Ukraine, literature, folklore. Analysis of M. Hrushevsky's life gymnasium period permits to reveal the combination of creativity, innovation, unusual efficiency, ambition, and perseverance in his activities. Theoretical studies of authoritative foreign and Ukrainian scientists F. Brodel, L. Kjell, D. Ziegler, Ya. Vermenych, P. R. Magochy, S. Maksymenko and others are included in the analysis of the chosen subject. According to the interdisciplinary approach, the article combines elements of regional history, social psychology, and sociology.

Civil society of Western Ukraine and Europe in the context of the Ukrainian Holodomor events of 1932-1933

2023-06-30T12:12:35+03:00

The article examines the Holodomor national tragedy of 1932-1933 in the context of the reaction to it by the population of neighboring Ukraine and more distant countries, as well as international organizations. It is emphasized that the Holodomor was a deliberate action of the communist authorities against the Ukrainian peasantry as a source of disobedience to the authorities and national resistance. It is shown that despite the efforts of the Bolshevik government to hide the glaring facts of the famine and the conformist support of the majority of foreign journalists accredited in the USSR, this information still received publicity in the world thanks to individual journalists of influential British newspapers and the work of foreign embassies and consulates in the USSR. It provoked a civil wave of help in various countries, but did not cause official condemnation of the Bolshevik policy by the member states of the League of Nations and the Catholic Church as an influential player in the international politics of the time. The role of public organizations and the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the organization of assistance to illegal refugees from Ukraine and protest movements condemning the policy of the USSR towards Ukrainian peasants is considered. It was concluded that the first and subsequent recognitions of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine as genocide at the level of influential countries and international organizations, as well as the criminal proceedings carried out in Ukraine on the fact of committing the crime of genocide of 1932-1933 in Ukraine as a crime against humanity permit modern Ukrainians not only to consolidate the memory of the Holodomor as a significant historical narrative for the entire society, but also to re-understand this traumatic experience, renewing the nation and its values and outlook guidelines.